By: Dr. Presley-Nelson
As we age, there are a number of changes that can occur which may impair our sense of taste, and our enjoyment of food. These changes include certain diseases and medications, physical changes in the mouth itself, and a number of dental problems as well. Also, related changes in the sense of smell can have a negative impact on the taste of food.
Some of the physical changes that occur due to aging involve a reduction in the number of taste buds on the surface of the tongue. The sense of taste and smell can also be affected by a number of different diseases and certain nutritional deficiencies. In addition, there are hundreds of drugs that can affect the sense of taste. Some of these drugs include Capoten, Lovastatin, and Vioxx, to name a few.
There are also dental problems that can affect the sense of taste. Some of these problems include having a dry mouth (sometimes caused by diseases or medications), gum disease, old leaky amalgam restorations, and chronic bad breath. Moreover, removable dentures can cause irritation of the mouth that may affect taste, and dentures can also create a physical barrier that decreases the tactile enjoyment of food. There are also toothpastes, mouthwashes, and denture adhesives that may decrease taste sensation for some people.
Fortunately, there are many things that seniors can do to combat these taste-reducing changes. The first thing I recommend is a routine dental examination (at least twice a year) and a professional cleaning. All dental infections (cavities and gum disease) as well as other dental problems should be treated as soon as possible. In addition, the dentist may need to prescribe artificial saliva or mouth moisturizers for dry mouth when appropriate. Seniors should also use a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush their tongues at least twice a day to remove coatings that block their taste buds. To improve the taste of foods, seniors should consider using spices, seasonings, and flavoring agents (e.g. orange or vanilla), but avoid adding salt or sugar.